The most prominent properties of stem cells include:

  1. Self-Renewal: Stem cells can divide to produce new stem cells, maintaining their characteristics over long periods.

  2. Differentiation: When exposed to specific signals, they can become specialized cells such as muscle, nerve, bone, blood, or skin cells.

  3. Plasticity: Some stem cells have the potential to transform into tissue types different from their origin, expanding their therapeutic applications.

  4. Tissue Repair Ability: Stem cells can migrate to damaged areas and support the formation of new cells, contributing to healing processes.

Stem cells are categorized based on their origin: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Each type differs in clinical applications, ethical considerations, and potential risks.

Their use in scientific research and clinical practice continues to grow thanks to advancements in methods for controlled proliferation and safe manipulation of these cells.