What Are Nail Deformities in Children?


Nail health is a reflection of our general health, and sometimes changes in the nails can be a sign of serious diseases. Nail disorders seen in childhood can develop due to genetic, environmental, traumatic or infectious causes. Here are the common nail disorders in childhood and what to watch out for:

Koilonychia (Spoon Nail)
A spoon-like appearance occurs when the nail surface collapses inward. It is usually associated with iron deficiency anemia. Therefore, when noticed in children, blood values ​​should be checked. If the diet is not corrected, the nail deformity may progress.

Chevron Nail (Chevron Deformity)
Longitudinal or horizontal lines may form on the nail plate during childhood. It is usually seen between the ages of 3-5 and resolves spontaneously over time. However, if there are significant deformities, it is important to consult a specialist to understand whether it is a symptom of an underlying disease.

Onychomadesis (Nail Loss)
It is the condition in which the nail plate separates from its base and falls off. It usually occurs after infections, traumas or high fevers. It can be seen in children especially after they have had hand, foot and mouth disease. It usually resolves on its own, but a dermatologist should be consulted for recurring cases.

Beau's Lines
It is the formation of transverse indented lines on the nail surface. It usually occurs as a result of serious diseases, fever infections or nutritional deficiencies. The lines disappear over time when nail growth returns to normal.

Congenital Hypertrophy of the Hallux Nail
It is a thick and hard thumb nail that is present at birth. It can be noticed in infancy and usually resolves over time. However, if it causes walking disorders or ingrown nails, intervention may be necessary.

Onychomycosis (Fungal Infection)
Although nail fungus is rare in children, it can develop especially in children who are in humid environments such as pools and gyms. The nail thickens, turns yellow or brown and can break easily. If left untreated, it can spread, so early diagnosis is important.

Trachyonychia (Peeling Nail)
It is characterized by the peeling of the nail surface in thin layers. It usually occurs due to physical trauma, excessive manicure or vitamin deficiencies. In children, nail biting habits can also lead to this condition.

Nail Disorders Seen in Dermatological Diseases
Skin diseases such as psoriasis, lichen planus and eczema can cause pitting, color changes and structural disorders on the nail surface. Nail changes caused by eczema are especially common in children and if left untreated, nail deformities can become permanent.

Melanonychia (Nail Color Change)
Dark brown or black lines may form on the nail as a result of the accumulation of melanin pigment in the nail bed. It is usually harmless, but in some cases it can be a symptom of serious skin diseases. A doctor should definitely be consulted when newly formed dark lines are noticed in children.

Subungual Exostosis (Bone Protrusion Under the Nail)
Small bony protrusions may form under the nail bed. Although rare in children, if it causes pain or deformation, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Conclusion
Although nail disorders seen in children are usually due to simple and temporary reasons, some conditions can be a symptom of serious diseases. Especially when sudden color changes, continuous shedding, signs of infection or painful conditions are noticed in the nails, a specialist should definitely be consulted. Nail health can provide important clues about general health, so changes should not be ignored.

I am Dermatologist Doctor Fatma Yıldız

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