What Are Nail Tumors?


Nail tumors are masses that form in the nail bed, matrix, or surrounding area, and are usually classified as benign or malignant. They are often painless and can be difficult to notice. However, some can grow over time and cause pain, deformities, and symptoms that affect daily life. Here are common nail tumors and what to watch out for:

Verruca Vulgaris (Warts)
They are common benign nail tumors caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They are more common in children and people with weak immune systems. They appear as small, lumpy masses on or under the nail edge and can sometimes bleed. If left untreated, they can spread. Treatment options include cryotherapy (freezing method), laser treatment, and topical medications.

Subungual Exostosis (Bone Protrusion Under the Nail)
A bony protrusion that forms under the nail bed. It is usually seen on the big toe and can cause pain and nail deformity as it grows. If left untreated, it can make walking difficult. Definitive diagnosis can be made with an x-ray and treatment usually requires surgical intervention.

Onychopapilloma
A benign tumor that develops under the nail plate. It usually occurs in areas close to the tip of the nail and can grow over time, causing lines or color changes on the nail surface. It is mostly painless but can cause aesthetic concerns. A biopsy may be required for definitive diagnosis and its treatment is surgical excision.

Ungual Fibromas and Fibrokeratomas
They are slow-growing, hard masses around the nail. They are usually associated with genetic diseases, but can also be seen alone. They can grow over time, distort the shape of the nail and cause pain. Treatment is usually surgical excision.

Osteochondroma
A benign mass that develops in the nail bone and is usually seen in childhood and adolescence. It can be felt as a hard protrusion under the nail plate. If it causes pain, surgical removal may be necessary.

Pyogenic Granuloma
A rapidly growing, red and easily bleeding nail tumor that can occur as a result of minor traumas or infections. It is usually cosmetically disturbing and can be painful. Laser, cryotherapy or surgical excision can be applied as treatment.

Glomus Tumor
A very painful benign tumor that develops in the nail bed. It usually presents itself as a purple or blue area. Severe pain is felt especially when cold or pressure is applied. Diagnosis is usually made with MRI and definitive treatment is surgical intervention.

Conclusion
Although nail tumors are usually benign, they should definitely be evaluated by a dermatologist or orthopedic specialist when they show symptoms such as growth, pain, color change or deformity. Early diagnosis can prevent serious complications and facilitate treatment. If you notice an abnormal mass around your nail, it is recommended that you consult a specialist doctor without delay.

I am Dermatologist Doctor Fatma Yıldız

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